![]() Bromine is slightly soluble in water, saturates hydrocarbon, carbon tetrachloride, etc. But when the formation of an ionic lattice is energetically favorable, covalent bonding is formed.Įxcept for fluorine, all the halogen exhibits positive oxidation states in their oxides, oxoacids, and interhalogen compounds. The bromide ion combines with electropositive elements through ionic chemical bonding to form the ionic crystal lattice. The formation of the bromide ion indicated the large electron affinity of the element. Chemical Compoundsīromine is just one electron short of the next noble gas (krypton) configuration. Like chlorine, bromine has also two stable isotopes like 79Br (50.7 percent) and 81Br (49.3 percent). The United States and Israel are the two main sources of bromine in the world which are transported through large-capacity metal drums for industrial applications. ![]() Some salt lakes and seas have a much higher concentration of bromide ions like Searle’s lake in California (850 mg/liter) and the Dead sea (4 gm/liter). The largest natural sources of bromine are the oceans which contain about 6.5 mg/liter of ocean water. Where is bromine found?īromine is a much less abundant element than fluorine and chlorine, only to the extent of 2.5 ppm in earth crustal rocks (46th order). This fact, suggests that the chemical reactivity of Br 2 is intermediate between chlorine and iodine and acts as an oxidizing agent. The exceptionally high reactivity of fluorine is due to very low bond energy but the bond energy of other halogens like chlorine, bromine, and iodine gradually decreases. The bond energy of other halogens are, Molecule ![]() The reactivity of halogens decreases from chorine to bromine to iodine.įor example, iodine reacts with hydrogen when heated in presence of a chemical catalyst like platinum. Fluorine is the most reactive among all the chemical elements. Some important properties of bromine are given below the table, BromineĪntoine-Jérôme Balard and Carl Löwig in 1826įluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are the non-metals of the Group-17 or halogen family. Due to the presence of seven valence electrons and a vacant d- orbital, it exhibits several oxidation numbers or states like -1, +1, +3, +5, +6, and +7. The non-metallic chemical element bromine has electronic configuration 3d 10 4s 2 4p 5. It is a member of the halogen family with one electron short of the next noble gas krypton. The nonmetal bromine is placed in period-4 and group-17 with p-block elements. The material is distilled with magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid to produce bromine vapor, which is condensed and purified into a dark liquid.Īccording to the French Science Academy, the name bromine is derived from the Greek word bromos which means bad smell or stench. He prepared the element by chlorinating concentration solutions of magnesium bromide around the pH scale of 3.5. The chemical element bromine was discovered in 1826 by French chemist Antoine-Jerome Balard from the ash of seaweed or the salt marshes of Montpellier. The properties of the element intermediate between chlorine and iodine. Bromine is the third-lightest element of the halogen series.
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